In a time of globalization in viticulture and wines, Portugal holds a special treasure of great value: a huge spectrum of different grape varieties, many of which can only be found in Portugal. As a consequence of centuries of geographic and political isolation, Portugal has managed to maintain a great number of grape varieties, as they are no longer found in any other winegrowing region of the world. Even if not all varieties may be refined and elegant, they still make Portuguese wine unmistakable and authentic.
Traditionally, vineyards have mixed plantings and in old settings up to 20 different types can be found growing together. Not until the 1980s did experts begin to assess the quality potential of the approximately 80 types of grapevines used in the Douro region. Based on the research work of ADVID, five types of vines were selected ("top cinco"), which are now recommended for future plantings.
Touriga Nacional
This type is generally known as one of the best grapes in Portugal. It has small berries and a relatively low yield, with a deep color and powerful tannins. The wines retain their fruity flavors even in the more mature stages. In blends, Touriga Naçional especially makes for good tannin structure.
Touriga Francesa
This type is well suited to withstand the hot dry summers in the Douro region. The wines exhibit a beautiful bouquet, and are less dominant, but have a nice fruity length.
Tinta Barroca
A robust grape, that yields good quantities of deeply dark, sweet grapes. Well suited to add volume to blends, but lacks the fullness of the other four types.
Tinta Roriz
This type is known in Spain as Tempranillo and is among the most treasured grape varieties in the Douro region. The name alludes to the fact that the grapevine was first discovered in the early 20th-century in the Douro region in Quinta de Roriz. The same grape is known in the Alentejo region by the name of Aragonez. It ripens early and yields deeply dark wines with good length and finesse.
Tinto Cão
Not very popular with vineyard owners due to its low yield, but it produces wines of great concentration and spicy aroma
